ec: An Engineering Calculator ============================= This calculator is noteworthy in that it employs a stack model of computation (Reverse Polish Notation), it supports numbers with SI scale factors and units. and uses a text-only user interface. Installing ---------- | Version: 1.10 | Released: 2022-12-27 .. image:: https://pepy.tech/badge/ec/month :target: https://pepy.tech/project/ec .. image:: https://github.com/KenKundert/ec/actions/workflows/build.yaml/badge.svg :target: https://github.com/KenKundert/ec/actions/workflows/build.yaml .. image:: https://img.shields.io/readthedocs/engineering-calculator.svg :target: https://engineering-calculator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/engineering_calculator.svg :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/engineering_calculator .. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/engineering_calculator.svg :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/engineering_calculator Requires Python version 3.6 or later. Install with:: pip3 install --user engineering-calculator This installs *ec* into ~/.local/bin, which should be added to your path. Unusually, there is also a man page. The Python install process no longer supports man pages, however you can download it from `GitHub `_. Place it in ``~/.local/man/man1``. More information on both *ec* can be found on `ReadTheDocs `_ . Installing from Source ---------------------- To get the source code:: $ git clone https://github.com/KenKundert/ec.git Once cloned, you can get the latest updates using:: $ cd ec $ git pull To run the regression tests:: $ tox To install:: $ python setup.py install --user To run EC:: $ ec 0: Installing Man Page ------------------- If you have installed from source, you can install the manpage with:: cd doc make publish Otherwise, you can install the latest version of the manpage on GitHub using:: curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/KenKundert/ec/master/install-manpage | bash - Once installed, you can get access the man page using:: man ec A Brief Tour of Engineering Calculator -------------------------------------- To perform operations in EC, you first enter the numbers, then the operators. In particular, as you enter the numbers they are pushed onto the stack. The operators then take numbers from the stack and replace them with the result. The operations are performed immediately and there is no use of parentheses to group calculations. Any intermediate results are stored on the stack until needed. To add two numbers:: 0: 4 5 + 9: This command first pushes 4 onto the stack, then it pushes 5 on the stack, and finally runs the addition operator, which pulls 4 and 5 off the stack and then pushes the sum, 9, back onto the stack. The prompt displays the value of the x-register, which is generally the final result from the previous command. You can string together an arbitrarily long calculation on a single line:: 0: 4 5 + 6 7 + * 117: This command demonstrates the power of using a stack for calculations. It first computes the sum and places the results on the stack. That result stays on the stack while the sum of 6 and 7 is computed, and finally it is used, and consumed, in the final multiplication. Alternately, you can string a calculation over multiple lines (this calculates the value of two parallel 100 ohm resistors):: 0: 100 100: 100 100: || 50: Effectively, you only need to type *enter* is when you want to see the result. Select operators can be entered without preceding them with a space if they follow a number or a name. For example:: 0: 4 5* 6 5+ * 220: Use *stack* to see the contents of the stack:: 0: 1 2 3 4 5 stack 1 2 3 y: 4 x: 5 5: + stack 1 2 y: 3 x: 9 9: + stack 1 y: 2 x: 12 12: + stack y: 1 x: 14 14: + stack x: 15 14: -1 stack y: 15 x: -1 -1: The stack grows without limit as needed. The bottom two values are the values that are generally involved in operations and they are labeled *x* and *y* as an aid to help you understand and predict the basic operation of various commands. For example:: 0: 8 2 stack y: 8 x: 2 2: ytox 64: The command name *ytox* is short for 'raise value of *y* register to the value in the *x* register'. You remove a value from the bottom of the stack with *pop*:: 0: 10 -3 stack y: 10 x: -3 -3: pop 10: stack x: 10 To store a value into a variable, type an equal sign followed by a name. To recall it, simply use the name:: 0: 100MHz =freq 100MHz: 2pi* =omega 628.32M: 1pF =Cin 1pF: 1 omega/ Cin/ 1.5915K: Display variables using:: 628.32M: vars Cin = 1pF Rref = 50 Ohms freq = 100MHz omega = 628.32M 628.32M: *Rref* is a special variable that is set by default to 50 Ohms, but you can change its value. It is used in *dBm* calculations. From the above example you can see that EC supports SI scale factors and units. The support for units is relatively conservative. You can enter them and it remembers them, but they do not survive any operation other than a copy. In this way it should never display incorrect or misleading units, however it displays units when it can. For example:: 0: 100MHz =freq 100 MHz: 2pi* "rads/s" =omega 628.32 Mrads/s: vars Rref = 50 Ohms freq = 100 MHz omega = 628.32 Mrads/s 628.32 Mrads/s: 2pi / 100M: Notice that EC captured units on 100MHz and stored them into the memory freq. Also notice that the units of "rads/s" were explicitly specified, and they were also captured. Finally, notice that dividing by *2pi* cleared the units. This simple way of adding units to a number, ex. 100MHz, is somewhat restricted. * You can only add units after a scale factor, but once you've given the scale factor the units are optional. In this way, 1m represents 1e-3 rather than one meter. If you want to specify one meter, you would use 1_m. The underscore is a scale factor, like m or k. It represents the unity scale factor. * Units added to the end of a number may consist only of letters and underscores. Digits and special characters like /, ^, \*, -, ( or ) are not allowed. * You can only add units to number literals. So 100MHz is okay, but 'omega 2pi/ Hz' is not. You can overcome this limitation by entering a quoted string. Doing so interprets the contents of the string as units and applies them to whatever is in the *x* register. For example:: 0: 100MHz 2pi* "rads/s" 628.32 Mrads/s: 2pi / "Hz" 100 MHz: 0: 9.8066 "m/s^2" 9.8066 m/s^2: Normally units are given after the number, however a dollar sign would be given immediately before:: 0: $100M $100M: You can enter hexadecimal, octal, or binary numbers, in either traditional programmers notation or in Verilog notation. For example:: 0: 0xFF 255: 0o77 63: 0b1111 15: 'hFF 255: 'o77 63: 'b1111 15: You can also display numbers in hexadecimal, octal, or binary in both traditional or Verilog notation. To do so, use ``hex``, ``oct``, ``bin``, ``vhex``, ``voct``, or ``vbin``:: 0: 255 255: hex4 0x00ff: vbin 'b11111111: You can convert voltages into *dBm* using:: 0: 10 vdbm 30: You can convert *dBm* into voltage using:: 0: -10 dbmv 100 mV: Both of these assume a load resistance that is contained in memory *Rref*, which by default is 50 Ohms. At start up EC reads and executes commands from files. It first tries '~/.ecrc' and runs any commands it contains if it exists. It then tries './.ecrc' if it exists. Finally it runs any files given on the command line. It is common to put your generic preferences in '~/.exrc'. For example, if your are a physicist with a desire for high precision results, you might use:: eng6 h 2pi / "J-s" =hbar This tells EC to use 6 digits of resolution and predefines *hbar* as a constant. The local start up file ('./.ecrc') or the file given as a command line argument is generally used to give more project specific initializations. For example, in a directory where you are working on a PLL design you might have an './.ecrc' file with the following contents:: 88.3uSiemens =kdet 9.1G "Hz/V" =kvco 2 =m 8 =n 1.4pF =cs 59.7pF =cp 2.2kOhms =rz EC also takes commands from the command line. For example:: $ ec "125mV 67uV / db" 65.417 EC prints back-quoted strings while interpolating the values of registers and variables when requested. For example:: $ ec 'degs 500 1000 rtop "V/V" `Gain = $0 @ $1.` quit' Gain = 1.118 KV/V @ 26.565 degs. Normally *ec* prints the value of the x register and exits when it runs out of things to do. The *quit* at the end tells ec to exit immediately. In this way the value of the x register is not printed. Without it you would see the magnitude printed twice. You can define functions with the following syntax: *( ... )name*, where '(' starts the function definition, ')name' terminates it, and ... is simply a collection of calculator actions. For example:: 0: (2pi * "rads/s")to_omega 0: (2pi / "Hz")to_freq 0: 1.4GHz 1.4 GHz: to_omega 8.7965 Grads/s: to_freq 1.4 GHz: You can get a list of the actions available with:: 0: ? You can get help on a specific topic, such as //, with:: 0: ?// You can get a list of the help topics available with:: 0: help There is much more available that what is described here. If you have installed the man-page, you can get more information by running:: $ man ec Alternately, you can view the `online documentation `_. You can quit the program using:: 0: quit (or *:q* or *^D*). More detailed information can be found `here `_.